Iyongerwa ry’amasaha y’akazi: CESTRAR ntibyemeranywaho na Leta
Nkeramugaba B. Prosper
Minisiteri ishinzwe abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo iratangaza ko amasaha y’akazi agiye kongerwa, akava kuri 40 mu cyumweru akagirwa 48. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Prof Nshuti Manasseh, Minisitiri ufite abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo mu nshingano ze, ngo itegeko rigenga umurimo ririmo kuvugururwa ku buryo mu kwezi kwa kabiri rigomba kuba ryarangiye. Mu by’ingenzi bizongerwa mu itegeko rishya hakaba hari ibyo byo kongera amasaha abantu bakoraga kugira ngo barusheho gutanga umusaruro.
Minisitiri Nshuti yavuze ko ikigamijwe ari ukunoza umurimo kugira ngo hongerwe umusaruro ku buryo bugaragara, ubukene bwabaye akarande mu banyarwanda burandurwe, maze igihugu kigezwe ku iterambere rirambye. Yashimangiye ko hazajya hakoreshwa amapiganwa mu bakozi kugira ngo akazi gakorwe n’ababifitiye ubushobozi. Ikindi ni uko hazanononsorwa gahunda y’amahugurwa ahabwa abakozi kugira ngo bashobore kongererwa ubushobozi mu byo bakora, ndetse n’abarangiza za Kaminuza bazajya bashakirwa za stage mu mahanga kugira ngo batyaze ubumenyi bwa ngombwa.
« Abantu ntibashobora gutera imbere badakoze cyane », uko niko Prof Nshuti abivuga. Ku bijyanye n’imishahara, nayo ngo igiye gutunganywa ku buryo hazagenwa umushahara fatizo (minimum wage) ku bantu bose hakurikijwe impamyabumenyi zabo. Cyakora ngo kwongera amasaha y’akazi ntibivuga ko n’imishahara iziyongera, ikizatunganywa ni ubusumbane buvugwa mu mishahara. Ngo nta muntu uba atifuza ko umushahara we wakwiyongera, ariko byose bigendana n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu. Asanga abakozi bakwiye kugira umuco wo gukunda igihugu, bagahora banatekereza ejo hazaza hacyo.
CESTRAR hari ibyo itemeranywaho na Leta
Umuyobozi w’urugaga rw’abakozi mu Rwanda (CESTRAR), Bwana Manzi Eric, mu kiganiro yagiranye na Radiyo Contact FM ku wa kane w’icyumweru gishize, yatangaje ko kwongera amasaha y’akazi akava kuri 40 akajya kuri 48 ari ukwica amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga umurimo. Ubundi ngo ayo mategeko ateganya ko amasaha y’akazi mu cyumweru ari 40, kuyongera bikaba ari ukurenga ku burenganzira bw’umukozi.
Mu bakozi twaganiriye bamwe basanga kongera amasaha y’akazi ntacyo bitwaye, ariko ngo bikwiye kujyana no kongera umushahara kugeza ubu utakijyanye n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi buhenze cyane. Umusore ukora akazi k’ubuganga mu bitaro bikuru bya Kigali (CHUK), yagize ati « mbere yo gutekereza kongera amasaha y’akazi, Leta yari ikwiye kubanza igakuraho ubusumbane bw’imishahara mu bakozi bayo, aho usanga bamwe bafite umushahara ukubye uw’abandi kabiri cyangwa gatatu kandi amashuri ari amwe cyangwa n’akazi ari kamwe».
Undi nawe yunzemo ati « kongera amasaha y’akazi sibyo bizongera umusaruro kuko ushobora no kumara ayo masaha ukora ubusa kubera kubura ‘motivation’ ». Yungamo ngo «Igihe ukora wishimye ushobora no gukora byinshi mu isaha imwe kurusha ibyo undi utishimiye umushahara yakora umunsi wose, yirirwa yinanura gusa ngo arakora ».
CLADHO: Ihohohotera rishingiye ku gitsina riteye inkeke mu Rwanda
Rutayisire Emile
Ku nkunga y’Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (Union Européenne), binyujijwe muri Action Aid, CLADHO (Impuzamiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda) yakoze ibikorwa binyuranye mu rwego rwo kurwanya ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, aribyo gukoreshwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ku ngufu, kutemera abana, kuvutswa umutungo, gukubitwa no guhozwa ku nkeke. Ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina CLADHO yabikoze mu turere 10 ari two Gasabo, Kicukiro, Rwamagana, Nyagatare, Bicumbi, Musanze, Rubavu, Karongi, Nyanza na Nyaruguru; bikaba byaratangiye mu kwezi kwa Nzeli umwaka ushize.
Ikibazo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore abantu benshi ntibaramenya ko ari ikibazo giteye inkeke kandi gifite ingaruka ku mibereho myiza no ku bukungu bw’igihugu. Mu kurwanya ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, CLADHO yakoze ibikorwa byagabanywamo ibice bitatu by’ingenzi: ubukangurambaga, amahugurwa n’ubufasha mu by’amategeko. Duhereye ku bukangurambaga n’amahugurwa, byakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo gutanga ubumenyi ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, kurwanya no gukumira ihohoterwa. Abaturage kandi bakanguriwe kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu no gushimangira politiki y’igihugu y’ubwuzuzanye, icyo kikaba ari ikintu cyibanzweho mu mwaka wa 2007.
Mu gihe ubukangurambaga n’amahugurwa byakorwaga, hagiye haboneka ibibazo by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, CLADHO ibikorera ubuvugizi kandi ibitangaho ubufasha mu by’amategeko. Muri rusange, CLADHO yakiriye ibibazo by’ihohoterwa 43; muri byo 16 byakemuriwe ku rwego rw’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, 13 biracyakurikiranwa, naho 14 byashyikirijwe inzego z’ubutabera.
Nubwo usanga ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina riteye inkeke, ugerageje gusesengura neza ntiwavuga ko ihohoterwa ryiyongera cyane ahubwo uko abantu bagenda barigiraho ubumenyi kandi bakangurirwa kurirwanya niko bagenda batinyuka kugaragaza ihohoterwa bahuye naryo kuko kera barabitinyaga bakumva ko ari ukwishyira hanze no kwikoza isoni. Iyo ikaba ari yo mpamvu CLADHO yabanje gushyira imbaraga mu bukangurambaga n’amahugurwa. CLADHO ikomeje gusaba Abanyarwanda gukumira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no kudahishira aho ryabaye. Irashimira kandi Umuryango w’Ibihugu b’Iburayi ku nkunga iwutera mu kurwanya iri hohotera ibinyujije muri Action Aid, ndetse na Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yahagurukiye kurwanya ihohotera aho riva rikagera.
Abatongana mwarashakanye ngo mukomereze aho…
AHISHAKIYE Jean d’Amour
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bumaze kwerekana ko abashakanye bakwiye kujya banyuzamo bakabwirana nabi ndetse yewe ngo bagatongana umuriro ukaka!! Ngo abadatongana baba bafite amahirwe, nako ibyago byinshi byo gupfa vuba. Muti ibi ni ibiki? Ernest Harburg, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Michigan wanayoboye ubwo bushakashatsi aragira ati « Iyo abantu biyemeje kurushinga bakabana, icya mbere bakwiye kwitwararika ni ukumenya kwiyunga iyo barakaranyije. Niba rero uburakari bwanyu mutabugaragariza abo mubana ndetse ngo mugerageze kuganira ku kibazo cyanyu n’iyo haba mu ntonganya, mufite ikibazo gikomeye. »
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bihe byahise, bwari bwaragaraje ko uburakari bwongera ubukana bw’indwara z’umutima, iz’umuvuduko w’amaraso ndetse n’umunaniro ukqbije. Ubu bushakashatsi bwo bwibanze ku burakari ariko cyane iyo uwabugize abuhishe n’ingaruka bigira mu mibereho y’abashakanye.
Ku ngo 192 zakorereweho ubushakashatsi, ababana bo mu ngo 26 bihunzaga rwose ikibazo bafitanye, mu gihe 372 bandi bemeje ko umwe muri bo byibura agaragarizaga mugenzi ko yamurakaje cyangwa yamurakariye, bityo bakabiganiraho akenshi bigasozwa no kwiyunga. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka 17 yose bwagaragaje ko abaganira ku kibazo bafitanye bafite amahirwe yo kuramba yikubye inshuro ebyiri kurusha abatarebana n’igitsure ariko umujinya n’intimba banzitse. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva mu mwaka wa 1971 kugera mu 1988 bwibanda cyane cyane ku cyiciro cy’abaturage batagira ibindi bibazo bikomeye mu buzima bwabo nk’ubukene ngo bibe byakwitirirwa izo nkurikizi. Uriya muhanga Harburg wayoboye ubushakashatsi ndetse n’abo bafatanyije baratangaza ko vuba aha bazashyira ahagaragara imyanzuro icukumbuye igaragaza uruhare rw’izi ntonganya mu guherekeza abashakanye kugera mu zabukuru. Ahari wenda intonganya zaba zigiye kubera bamwe agakoni k’iminsi bakwiye guca hakiri kare. Abazaca iyi nzira ariko bazibuke ubwubahane n’urugero rwiza abo bibarutse babatezeho, batibagiwe ndetse na rwa rukundo ruvana bamwe ku Rwesero rukabasohoza ku Munini.
Mu Mujyi wa Kigali kubakira abatishoboye bigiye kwihutishwa
Niwemutoni Phoïbe
Ikibazo cyo kubakira abatishoboye bo mu Mujyi wa Kigali nicyo cyaje ku isonga mu nama y’inama nyobozi y’umujyi wa Kigali yabaye ku ya 24/01/2008.
Nk’uko umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali Madamu Kirabo Kakira Aisa yabibwiye abitabiriye iriya nama ngo ikibazo cyo kubakira abatishoboye nicyo kibazo cyihutirwa kigomba kuba cyakemutse mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri gusa. Nk’uko ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu bwabisabye Umujyi wa Kigali. Aha abayobozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali bafashe umwanzuro w’uko hagomba gukorwa igikorwa cyo gukusanya inkunga binyijijwe mu bigo byose bikorera mu Mujyi ndetse n’abaturage ubwabo bagomba kujya bakora umuganda udasanzwe wa buri wa gatandatu kugira ngo basize ibibanza kandi banabumbe amatafari yo kubakisha. Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali busanga ntaho bwakura amafaranga yo kubaka ariya mazu agera ku 4823 azubakirwa abatishoboye biganjemo abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside y’abatutsi.
Usibye iki kibazo cyo kubakira abatishoboye, muri iriya nama, abagize inama nyobozi y’Umujyi wa Kigali bize ku kibazo cyo gukora isuku ku buryo buramye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Kuri iki kibazo ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwatangaje ko hari impuguke ziri kwiga uko hashyirwaho ikimoteri kigendanye n’igihe tugezemo, ndetse no kwiga uko imyanda izajya ivangurwa mbere yo kujugunywa. Aha Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi bwavuze ko mu gihe ikibazo cy’isuku mu buryo burambye kitari cyakemuka ngo hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka kugira ngo ibibazo biri mu kimoteri cy’i Nyanza ya Kicukiro bikemuke vuba.
Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali kandi bwanagarutse ku kibazo cyo gufata amazi y’imvura yangiza ibikorwa remezo cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi. Aha ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bukaba busanga ibigo binini nk’amashuri, amavuriro n’ibindi ari byo bikwiye gufata iya mbere mu kubaka ibigega bifata amazi y’imvura. Hakaba hari na gahunda y’uko buri rugo rwo mu Mujyi wa Kigali rugomba kugira ikigega cyo gufata amazi y’imvura. Muri iriya nama kandi abayobozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali bagarutse kuri gahunda y’imbaturabukungu bavuga ko mu Mirenge iri mu Mujyi wa Kigali ariko igizwe n’icyaro hagomba guhingwa ibihingwa bifite isoko mu Mujyi wa Kigali no hanze birimo imboga, imbuto, indabo n’igihingwa cy’ibobere kiribwa n’amagweja avamo indodo zihenze ku isi zitwa “suwa” n’ihingwa cya makadamiya kivamo ibisuguti na chocolat.
Iyi gahunda y’ubuhinzi ikaba hari aho yatangiye, ariko ngo hakaba hakenewe amahugurwa ku bashinzwe iby’ubuhinzi bazafasha kugira ngo buriya buhinzi buzatange umusaruro. Imirenge iri mu Mujyi nayo ngo ikaba igiye kongererwa ubushobozi mu birebana n’inganda n’ubucuruzi .
Abakurambere ntibaduhishuriye ibanga ryose ku bimera
Kayira Etienne
Mu kiganiro cyihariye Umunyamakuru w’Imvaho Nshya aherutse kugirana n’umwe mu bavuzi ba gihanga bwana Daniel Gafaranga ukomoka mu Burera mu murenge wa Kinoni yamenyesheje ko abakurambere bacu bagiye batagaragaje ibanga ryose ry’ibimera.
Uretse umwuka mwiza duhumeka uva ku bidukikije, abavuzi ba gakondo nabo bemera ubumenyi bw’iki gihe, nubwo benshi muri bo batagize amahirwe yo kwiga, Gafaranga yavuze ko ibimera bituzengurutse birimo imiti ivura indwara nyinshi zidasiba kugarika ingogo. Nubwo uwo muvuzi wa gihanga yemera ko ba sogokuru basize bavuze bimwe mu bimera byifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ariko ngo ikigaragara ni uko ibyinshi batabivuze.
Impamvu ngo ni uko kera kose, abo bakurambere batabwiraga umuntu uwo ariwe wese amazina y’ibimera bivura indwara runaka. Kugira ibanga kuri ibyo bimera bivura indwara ngo bavugaga ko aribyo bituma umuti ukorana ubukana bwo gukiza. Uko guhisha ibanga ry’ibimera bikiza indwara, abavuzi gakondo bamwe bo muri iki gihe basanga ari yo mpamvu yatumye abo bakurambere barapfanye ibanga ryakagize akamaro kanini iki gihe.
Kimwe mu bintu abavuzi ba gihanga batekereza ko cyamaze ingufu imiti ya gakondo ni iyobokamana aho ngo abakristo b’Abanyarwanda b’ikubitiro bahise bahagarika kwitabira iyo miti. Aho uko kutitabira imiti gakondo kw’abakristo gukomoka ngo ni uko mu muco nyarwanda habagaho abo bitaga « Abanyabubasha bukomeye, aribo: abacunyi, abagangahuzi, abahannyi n’abavuzi ». Abo bose ngo bifashishaga imigenzo n’imihango ubukristo budashyigikira. Aha yatanze urugero ati « iyo inkuba yakubitaga ikagira icyo yangiza, abarokotse muri uwo muryango bagombaga kunywa icyo yise « Isubyo » kugira ngo ibyo byago bitazabakurikirana. Umugangahuzi niwe ngo wateguraga uwo muti uva mu bimera bivanze. Bimwe muri ibyo bimera ni : Rubamba, Mukuru, Inganzamyonga, Umubuza, Umusubyo n’Umukuzanyana. Umuti ukozwe muri ibyo bimera bivuzwe ngo ni nawo wahabwaga umuntu wagize impanuka akamena ityazo, urusyo cyangwa se igisabo ».
Umuvuzi wa gakondo yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko yaba abacunnyi, abahannyi, abavuzi n’abagangahuzi, ngo bose bahuriraga ku migenzo yabo n’amagambo menshi y’imitukiro. Ayo ngo niyo abakristo bahereyeho bita ubuvuzi gakondo, « ubuvuzi bwa gipagane ». Uko byaba bimeze kose, ubuvuzi gakondo buremewe ku isi yose uretse ko abavuzi ba kizungu basaba ko imiti y’ibimera bakoresha igomba kubanza gupimwa muri za Laboratwari.
Icyo abo bavuzi bombi bahuriyeho ni uko bose basaba ko ibimera byabungwabungwa kuko gucika kwabyo gufite ingaruka ikomeye ku buzima bw’abatuye isi.
Ibura ry’ibirayi: ba rwiyemezamirimo baratungwa agatoki
Niwemutoni Phoïbe
Nyuma y’uko hagaragariye ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibirayi mu masoko yo hirya no hino mu gihugu Imvaho Nshya yaganiriye na bamwe mu bacuruzi b’ibirayi kuri icyo kibazo.
Umuyobozi wa Koperative Abadehemuka y’abacuruzi b’ibirayi, Bwana Jean de Dieu Ngabonziza yatangaje ko ibura ry’ibirayi rituruka ahanini kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bagaruka bagakora nk’abacuruzi b’ibirayi. Ibi ngo bikaba bibangamira abacuruzi b’ibirayi bisanga ku isoko rimwe n’ababasoresheje biyita ba rwiyemezamirimo. Aha abacuruzi b’ibirayi bavuga ko bagejeje iki kibazo ku nzego z’ubuyobozi zitandakanye, kugeza ubwo mu kwezi kwa 10 k’umwaka ushize wa 2007 Minisitiri ufite amakoperative mu nshingano ze ari kumwe n’abayobozi batandakanye barimo Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru bahuje za Koperative zitandukanye z’abacuruzi b’ibirayi n’amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi b’ibirayi babizeza ko bagiye kubakemurira kiriya kibazo mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka wa 2008.
Ariko ngo aho kugira ngo kiriya kibazo gikemuke kiragenda gifata intera ndende kuko ngo ba rwiyemezamirimo bavanye umusoro ku mafaranga 5 ku kilo kimwe cy’ibirayi bakawushyira ku mafaranga 11 ku kilo kimwe. Ririya zamuka ry’ibiciro by’umusoro ngo rituma abacuruza ibirayi batarangura ari benshi nk’uko bisanzwe. Ibi ngo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku bahinzi b’ibirayi kuko ngo iyo bananije abacuruzi, abahinzi babura ababagurira umusaruro wabo, bityo ngo amafaranga umuhinzi yabonaga ku kilo akagabanuka.
Kugira ngo kiriya kibazo gikemuke abacuruzi b’ibirayi barasaba ko inzego zibishinzwe zafatira icyemezo ba rwiyemezamirimo ngo bakingirwa ikibaba ahanini na bamwe mu bayobozi b’Uturere. Bamwe mu bacuruzi ibirayi babivana mu turere two mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Uburengerazuba babizana mu Mujyi wa Kigali, bagaragaje ko babangamirwa cyane na ba rwiyemezamirimo babasoresha, bakabereka n’aho bagomba kugurira ibirayi ntibabahe uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo ndetse ngo ikibabaje kurushaho ni uko bongera bagahurira nabo ku masoko babaye abacuruzi nkabo.
Ingaruka z’ibyo byose, nk’uko twabitangarijwe n’abantu twasanze mu isoko rya Nyabugogo ngo ni uko ibirayi bikomeje kuba bike mu Mujyi wa Kigali kandi ari ikiribwa gikenerwa n’abantu benshi.
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