Urubyiruko mu gukemura amakimbirane
Sesonga John
Urubyiruko nirwo ngufu z’igihugu , rukwiye kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda. Byatangajwe na Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge Dr Habyarimana Jean Baptiste ubwo yafunguraga inama y’urubyiruko, aho urubyiruko rwo mu Ntara zose n’umugi wa Kigali rwahugurirwaga gukemura amakimbirane no kuyakumira bigamije ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda. Iyo nama yateguwe na Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge ifatanije n’Inama Nkuru y’Urubyiruko.
komisiyo y'igihugu y' ubumwe n'ubwiyunge ikomeje guhugura urubyiruko .
Urubyiruko rwo mu Ntara zose rwarebeye hamwe amakimbirane icyo aricyo, Inkiko Gacaca ndetse no kugaragarizwa ko ubwiyunge aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukemura amakimbirane. Urwo rubyiruko rurahugurirwa mu Ntara z’aho bakomoka.
Dr Habyarimana yagaragarije urubyiruko ko gukemura amakimbirane ari inzira yo kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda, dore ko ari nayo nshingano ya Komisiyo. Yakomeje agaragariza urubyiruko ko ubusanzwe amakimbirane abaho mu bantu, ariko ntabwo bidasobanura ko habaho imvururu cyangwa imirwano, ahubwo icyiza ni ugushaka uburyo bwiza bwo kuyamenya no kuyashakira ibisubizo, byose binyura mu buryo bwiza bwo kuzuzanya. Iyo habayeho kuzuzanya, bibyara ingufu zo kubaka igihugu.
Urwo rubyiruko ruzafasha Komisiyo mu gutanga amasomoy’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu turere twose nyuma y’igabanya ry’abakozi. Dr Habyarimana yakomeje asobanurira urubyiruko ko iyo abantu bahurije hamwe mugukemura amakimbirane, bituma bubaka amahoro no kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ibibazo byatewe na jenoside.
Kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, ni inshingano ya buri wese, kandi ni inshingano ikomeye. Dr Habyarimana yavuze ko gukemura amakimbirane bikwiye guhera ku muntu ku giti cye. U Rwanda rufite ubuyobozi bwiza bugamije kubaka u Rwanda, urubyiruko rufite uruhare n’inshingano zo gufasha ubuyobozi kugira ngo intambwe yatewe ye gusenyuka.
Dr Habyrimana yasobanuriye urubyiruko ko Gacaca ariyo gisubizo ku butabera, kumenya ukuri no gukemura amakimbirane, bityo, urubyiruko rusabwa kubigiramo uruhare kuko arirwo Rwanda rwejo. Urubyiruko rwashowe muri jenoside, ariko ni narwo rwayihagaritse, urubyiruko rukaba rukwiye gusobanukirwa neza ko ubwiyunge ari bwo buryo kaminuza bwo gukemura amakimbirane.
Imvaho nshya yabajije Bwana Claude Rwagitare Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama Nkuru y’Urubyiruko, intambwe yatewe mu rubyiruko ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge no gukemura amakimbirane, agaragaza ko urubyiruko rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu gihugu hose, kandi wiyemeje kugaragaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu bikorwa.
Urubyiruko rwubatse umudugudu w’abacitse ku icumu batishoboye mu karere ka Nyamata, urubyiruko rufasha abapfakazi n’abanduye Sida mu bikorwa by’amaboko bitandukanye, kandi nayo ni imwe mu nzira zo gukemura amakimbirane. Bwana Rwagitare yagaragaje ko urubyiruko ari rwo rugize 67% y’Abanyarwanda bose bityo rukaba rugomba kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura amakimbirane, n’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Rwanda.
Urubyiruko rwitabiriye iyo nama yo kumenya ikibazo cy’amakimbirane kuyakumira no kuyakemura biganisha ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge na Gacaca, yitabirwe n’urubyiruko rutandukanye rwaturutse mu Ntara zose z’u Rwanda, za Kaminuza zose n’umugi wa Kigali. Inama yamaze iminsi itatu kuva tariki ya 23 kugeza tariki ya 26 Kamena 2005.
Inama yabereye Kimironko mu mugi wa Kigali muri Hoteli Medi Motel, ihoteri nziza iri imbere ya Banki y’Abaturage ya Remera ku muhanda ugana kuri gereza ya Kimironko. Bwana Rwagitare Claude yasabye urubyiruko kumva ko u Rwanda ari urwabo, urubyiruko rwumve neza ko abacitse ku icumu n’abafungiye jenoside, bose ari ababyeyi b’urubyiruko bityo urubyiruko rugakoresha ingufu zarwo mu kubaka u Rwanda no kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bukomeye. Urubyiruko rwitandukanye n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibisa nayo byose, kuko nta handi bazasanga urundi Rwanda uretse urwababyaye kandi Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu y’Urubyiruio izakomeza gufasha urubyiruko.
Ingengabitekerezo muri Nyabitare
Umusonyi w’Imvaho Nshya
Nzamukosha Adidja
Ntawashidikanya ko mu kagari ka Nyabitare hatari amacakubiri y’amoko kuko urebye utunama tw’ijoro dukorwa na bamwe mu baturage n’abayobozi bamwe batazi umurongo bahamagarirwa kugenderamo byatuma wibaza byinshi.
Agahomamunwa kabaye tariki ya 19/06/05 hari ku cyumweru ubwo inama gacaca yari iteranye mu kibuga cy’ishuri ribanza rya ESCAF I Nyamirambo mu kagari ka Nyabitare. Imbere y’imbaga Umunyarwandakazi SADA (bita Mama Nadia) yavuye mu rushyi akubita Roza ngo umugabo wa Roza yari interahamwe kandi SADA nawe yapfakajwe na jenoside, usibye ko nawe ngo atazi urupfu rw’umugabo we kuko yari yigiriye guhaha dore ko we ntawamuhigaga yashakiraga umugabo we icyarenza umunsi kub’ibyago yasanze bamujyanye ariko nta makuru yigeze avuga ko umugabo wa Roza ariwe waba yaramwishe.
Ngira ngo n’iyo byaba ari uko bimeze nta tegeko ryo guhora dufite ari nayo mpamvu inkiko gacaca zagiyeho ngo uzagaragaraho icyaha azahanwe noneho umugabo w’uwo Roza yitabye Imana urubanza rwe rwariciye ntabwo Roza yaryozwa ibyo umugabo we yakoze, kuko icyaha ari gatozi kereka hari ikimugaragayeho kandi amategeko nicyo yashyiriweho.
Nk’uko twabibwiwe na Perezida na bamwe mu bagize Inteko gacaca ya Nyabitare ngo byaba byaratewe n’agatsiko k’abantu bamwe bahora bateza akavuyo gakuriwe na Cecile harimo n’umugabo we Faranswa.
Ubwo nari mpagurutse gato ngannye hirya y’ahari inama naguruwe n’induru n’urusaku mbona abantu bahagaze, abandi barenga mu mpinga mu nsi y’urusengero ruri haruguru ya Escaf ngira amatsiko. Nabonye ushinzwe umutekano Mustafa Leonald na Resiponsabule w’akagari bashoreye abadamu baherekejwe n’abandi benshi. Narabajije bambwira ko ari abarwanye bakaba babajyanye kuri police ariko ntibyakunze kuko Perezida w’Inteko yahise abaza abamukuriye kuri telofone bamubwira ko abo bantu baguma aho bakabategereza.
Naganiriye na Perezida w’Inteko Gacaca w’akagari ka Nyabitare ambwira ko ubwo umutangamakuru Gisaka yari amaze kuvuga amakuru azi yabajije ibibazo nk’uko biteganywa mu itegeko ko uwariwe wese ufite icyo abaza cyangwa yunganira umutangamakuru yabikora. Ubwo Sada yahawe ijambo abaza Gisaka ngo ko we yagendaga mu ntambara yari iki? Byagaragaye ko abari aho babyibajijeho kuko Commandant yababwiye ko Roza ataha, abaha n’impapuro zitumiza abo babuze maze hakabaho iburana urubanza rugacibwa.
Ba nyiri ugukora amarorerwa ntibigeze baboneka kugeza ubu gusa ngo Perezida wa Gacaca yakoze raporo dutegereje icyo bizatanga. Byaba byiza turenze amoko, tukamenya indwara, ubujiji n’ubukene bitwugarije buri wese agashaka icyamuteza imbere aho kubirebera mu bwoko cyangwa mu bindi bitagira inyungu bidusigira atari ubwicanyi gusa n’inda nini kuko iyo urebye usanga benshi muri Nyabitare aricyo bashyize imbere, birirwa batikura ngo bakunde bagaragare neza ku bw’inyungu zabo bwite.
Abandi baretse gukora utunama tw’ijoro ikitagenda neza bakakivugira ku mugaragaro kigakemurwa ni byo byakubaka Nyabitare . By’umwihariko Nyabitare ikeneye ingando kuko barasigaye ntabwo bari kumwe na politiki ya Leta y’Ubumwe.
« SÛR EAU » igomba gukoreshwa mu yahe mazi ?
Nkeshimana Thomas
Amazi yo kunywa cyangwa andi mazi yose yitwa ko ari meza ni amazi yujuje ibyangombwa byose bisabwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima. Ayo mazi, iyo anyowe, ntaba agomba kugira ingaruka runaka ku mubiri w’uyakoresheje.
Mu Rwanda, kugira ngo umuturage agere ku mazi nk’ayo ntibyoroshye kubera ko hejuru ya 50% by’Abanyarwanda badafite ubushobozi bwo kugera ku mazi meza. Abenshi bavoma mu migezi, ibiyaga, amariba… gusa abanyamugi ni bo bafite amahirwe yo kuvoma kuri za robine iyo nabwo atabuze.
Amazi nk’ayo yose y’imigezi, amasoko atandukanye, hiyongereyeho n’amazi y’imvura, biri kure kugira ngo abe ari meza byo kuba yanyobwa. Nk’ay’imvura ashobora kuba arimo imikungugu, imyuka itandukanye n’ibindi…Ayo mu migezi ashobora kubamo udukoko twinshi dutera indwara zitandukanye. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, hakoreshwa imiti itandukanye mu gusukura amazi nk’ayo yanduye ngo agezwe kuri rubanda atunganye.
Mu gihugu cyacu ubu umuti ugezweho mu gusukura amazi atavuye mu ruganda ni « Sûr Eau » ubonek a muri za butiki na farumasi nyinshi hano mu Rwanda. Ubundi kubera ko amazi atangwa na ELECTROGAZ baba bayasukuye bakoresheje imiti imeze nka « Sûr eau », ku mazi nk’ayo si ngombwa kongeramo sûr eau. Iyo hongewemo uwo muti, igipimo cya Chlore iba igomba gusigara mu mazi kirarenga.
Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima utegeka ko mu mazi yatunganirijwe mu ruganda nka ELECTROGAZ chlore igomba gusigaramo igomba kuba iri hagati ya 0,2-0,4mg/l. Iyo rero bongeye « Sûr eau » (Hypochlorite de Sodium) Naclo, igipimo cya Chlore kirazamuka kikagera kuri 1,028mg/l. Nibwo rero uyanyoye wumvamo umunuko wa « Sûr eau », iba yongewe mu mazi bitari ngombwa. Hano ntawabura kwibutsa ko bategeka ko muri litiro 20 z’amazi hongerwamo agafuniko gapfundikiye agacupa kaba karimo iyo « Sûr eau » kangana na 6 ml.
Amazi y’imigezi cyangwa ibiyaga, kubera ko aba arimo udukoko twinshi dutera indwara zitandukanye ku bayakoresha gufata ijerikani y’ayo mazi ugashyiramo agafuniko kamwe, usanga akenshi ntacyo bimara cyane, kuko ingano (6ml) ya « Sûr eau » (Hypochlorite de Sodium Naclo) iba idahagije kugira ngo ibe yakwica udukoko twose tuba twanduje amazi nk’ayo y’imigezi. Abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mazi nk’ayo bavuga ko byibuze muri litiro 20, ni ukuvuga ijerekani, hashyirwamo udufuniko tubiri tungana na mililitiro 12 (12ml/20l) ni bwo amazi agabanukamo udukoko dutera indwara k’uburyo aba yegereye ayemewe na OMS.
Ku bantu babika amazi mu bigega na bo byakabaye byiza bagiye bagenzura ko atarandura. Basanze yaranduye bagirwa inama yo gukoresha Naclo (Sûr eau ) 6ml/20l kugira ngo babone amazi meza atarimo twa dukoko dutera indwara. Ku bantu bakoresha amazi y’amariba, igihe bayavomesheje ibikoresho bifite isuku si ngombwa kongeramo « Sûr eau » kuko kuyongeramo ntacyo bihindura.
Urugero : nk’udukoko E. Coli tugaragara mu mazi, bikerekana ko amazi nk’ayo yaba yarandujwe n’umusarane w’umuntu, bayapimye nta sûr eau irimo, banayapimye bashyizemo sûr eau basanga nta tandukaniro. Gusa haboneka ingaruka y’uko chlore iba nyinshi muri ayo mazi ndetse n’ibyo bita PH (igipimo cy’aside) mu mazi umubare uriyongera ukagera ku 8.
Si buri mazi yose rero ashyirwamo « Sûr eau » ahubwo agaragaza ko yanduye n’akekwa yose ko yaba yanduye ni yo bongeramo uwo muti bashingiye kandi ku ngano yayo n’uburyo yanduye. Abongera uwo muti mu mazi ya ELECTROGAZ si byiza kubera impamvu twavuze haruguru. Kubera kandi ko abantu basa n’abadafitiye icyizere uwo muti Naclo (Sûr eau) tuzagerageza ku bashakishiriza ingaruka zawo ku mubiri w’abakunda kuwukoresha.
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