Ibihugu kwitwa ko bikize hari ibirebwa, byatumye isi icibwamo ibice bibiri

Uturere tw’isi twahawe inyito y’ubukene cyangwa se ubukire, ndetse bamwe batangiye kubyigisha mu mashuri. Ibi bituma benshi bibaza ibyaba bigenderwaho ngo igihugu cyangwa se akarere kitwe ko gakize cyangwa se gakennye. Hari bimwe mu bigagazwa kuba bigenderwaho, ariko nta wabura kuvuga ko nta gipimo bwite mpuzamahanga gipima ubukene cyangwa se ubukire ku gihugu runaka.

Ku isi hari amagambo akoreshwa kenshi hatandukanywa ibihugu bituye mu gace aka n’aka. Mu Cyongereza, bakunze gukoresha “First Word Countries” bashatse kuvuga ibihugu bikize cyangwa se biri mu cyiciro cya mbere, bakanavuga “Third World Countries” bavuga ibihugu bikennye cyangwa se ibiri mu cyiciro cya gatatu. Abantu benshi bakunze kwibaza kuri ibi byiciro by’ibihugu ku isi, bakibaza impamvu hatabaho icyiciro cy’ibihugu biri mu rwego rwa kabiri niba hariho urwa mbere n’urwa gatatu. Icyiciro cya kabiri kidakunze kuvugwa, “Second World Countries” habamo ibihugu ngo byitirirwa ko ari ibikomuniste nk’Uburayi bw’iburasirazuba, Ubushinwa, Korea ya Ruguru, Cuba, Vietnam, n’ibindi bihugu bike. Gusango hagendewe ku gusenyuka kw’akomuste, bituma iki cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ibihugu kitakivugwa.
Ikindi kandi, ubu bimaze no kumenyarwa mu bahanga mu bumenyi bw’isi ko basigaye bagabanyamo isi kabiri bagendeye ku miterere y’ibihugiu, aho bavuga ko hari igice kitwa MDC  “More Developed Countries” aribyo bihugu bikize cyane, na LDC “Less Developed Countries” cyangwa se ibihugu bikennye. Iyo bimeze gutya, umuntu yakwibaza ikigenderwaho ngo abantu bagene ibihugu byiswe ko bikennye, ibindi byitwe ko bikize. Urubuga rwa internet www.harpercollege.edu ruvuga ko hari ibigenderwaho ngo buri gihugu gishyirwe mu cyiciro.
Hari ibyo bagenderaho bashyira ibihugu mu byiciro
Icya mbere kigenderwaho, ngo ni ukureba uko abaturage binjiza cyangwa se umutungo winjizwa ku masoko yose y’igihugu na za serivise. Ikindi kirebwa, ngo ni uko abaturage biyongera. Aha bivugwa ko ngo ibihugu bikennye ngo usanga aribyo abaturage baba biyongera cyane. Ibi biba imbogamizi zo kugera ku iterambere. Iki gikurikiwe no kureba uko abantu bari mu mirimo, hakaza no kureba iterambere ry’imijyi y’ibihugu. Ibihugu bikize ngo abantu benshi baba mu mijyi kurusha ibikennye. Iyo igihugu gitera imbere, ngo n’iyi mijyi itera imbere.
Hakurikiraho kandi kureba uko abaturage cyangwa se abatuye igihugu bakoresha amafaranga baba binjije. Aha harebwa ayo bakoresha mu bijyanye n’ingufu, n’ibindi. Hakurikiraho kurebwa ibikorwa remezo by’igihugu. Aha ibikorwa remezo birebwa ni ukuvuga imihanda, amazi uko agera ku baturage, ibibuga by’indege n’ubwikorezi, amashanyarazi n’uko agera ku baturage, iterambere ry’imijyi, itumanaho, inganda, imiterere y’ubuhinzi, ibikorwa rusange nk’amashuri, amavuriro, hakanarebwamo ubushobozi bw’ingabo z‘igihugu ndetse  n’igipolisi.
Icya nyuma kirebwa, ni imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Aha harebwamo ibintu byinshi. Harebwa umubare w’abatuye b’igihugu bazi kubara, gusoma no kwandika. Harimo kandi kureba imyaka abatuye igihugu barama ku isi (life expectancy), kureba uko abantu bivuza n’uko bagerwaho n’ubuvuzi, karoli cyangwa se ibitunga umubiri biba biri mu biribwa umuturage afata, imfu z’abana nazo zirebwaho uko zingana n’ibindi.
Nyamara ariko, ku bijyanye no kurebwa k’umutungo winjizwa na za serivise ndetse n’amasoko, hari ibyitabwaho. Nk’urugero, igihugu cy’Ubuhindi nicyo cya mbere kinjiza cyane ku masoko na serivisi kuko kinjiza akayabo kangana n’amadolari miliyari 336 ku mwaka, mu gihe Switzerland yo yinjiza amadolari miliyari 288. Ariko iyo harebwe ubukire, Switzerland ivugwa ko ari yo ikize kuko ifite abaturage bake ugereranyije n’Ubuhindi. Ibi bituma iyo uyu mutungo ugabanyijwe abaturage bose ngo harebwe uko buri muturage yinjiza, bigaragara ko uwa Switzerland yinjiza amadolari 40,630 ku mwaka, uw’Ubuhindi akinjiza 340 gusa!
Uko isi igabanywamo kabiri bagendeye ku bukire n’ubukene
Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’isi bagabanyamo isi kabiri bagendeye ku bukungu, aho ibihugu bimwe byitwa ko bikize MDC, n’ibikennye, LDC byavuzwe hejuru, dore uko babigabanya. Uduce tw’isi bita ko dukennye, ni Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, Aziya y’Amajyepfo, Aziya y’iburasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo, (bakabariramo n’Ubushinwa kuko ngo iyo harebwe umutungo umuturage yinjiza ku mwaka ugaragara ko ukiri muke), Afurika y’Amajyaruguru (bavuga Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa sahara, ubundi bakanavuga Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, bityo byumvikana ko baba bavuze ko Afurika yose ikennye) n’Aziya y’iburengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo, Amerika yo hagati, Amerika y’Amajyepfo n’agace ka Pasifika. Naho ibice by’si byitwa ko ngo bikize cyane, ni Amerika ya ruguru, Ubuyapani, uburayi, Australia/New Zealand n’Uburusiya.